Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where there is a defect in utilization of sugar by the body.
Glucose is the main source of energy for all the bodily function. After digestion, it passes into the blood stream where cells use it for energy and growth. For its utilization, a hormone, insulin must be present in proper quantity, which is producted by the pancreas. The defect in pancreas to product proper amount of insulin leads to decreased uptake of glucose from the blood and hence increased level blood sugar.
Another reason for diabetes mellitus is that the cells cannot use insulin properly, which is know as insulin resistance.
Symptoms
Clinical
- Polyuria: Excessive urination . polyphagia:increased appetite
- Polydypsia: Excessive thirst • Loss of body weight
- Dehydration due to excessive urinary output • deceased resistance
Problems, which diabetes encounter more often are:
- Heart diabetics attacks • Strokes
- Gangrene of foot • Repeated attacks of infection/boils
- Rapid deterioration of vision & blindness • Kidney diseases
- Sexual problems • Diplopia
- Blurring of vision or double vision
LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
- Retinopathy –the blood vessels and lens of the eyes are swollen and dilated due to increase in blood glucose level, resulting in distorted vision. It has damaging effect on the optic never also.
- Nephropathy- impaired Kidney function
- Neuropathy- when blood sugar goes very high, nerves can product pain specially in legs.
EFFECTIVE DIABETESMANAGEMENT
The chief tools in the treatment of diabetes are diet, exercise and suitable medication to
keep the symptoms in control.
| Blood sugar |
Empty stomach
(fasting) |
After 2 hours of
(food (pp) |
| Normal sugar |
110mg% |
140mg% |
| Satisfaction level |
120mg% |
160mg% |
| Uncontrolled |
Above 14omg% |
Above 200%mg |
|
MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
I DIETREY MANAGEMENT
It varies according to the severity of the disease, activity and metabolic needs. There are certain general principal for all diabetic diets:
- The caloric intake should allow the patient to loose or to gain weight as required.
- The protein recommended in the diet is normal
- Carbohydrates should be sufficient to prevent ketosis.
- High fibre in help in controlling Diabetes by preventing excessive rise in blood glucose help in decreasing blood cholesterol and triglycerides and help in reducing weight.
DIETARY INSTRUCTION
Food to avoid
- Root vegetable: potato, yam etc.
- Fried food and sweets
- Soft Drinks and alcoholic drinks
- Fruits like Mango, Banana Chiku, Custard Apple, Grapes & Dates
- Oily, fried, frozen and fast foods should be avoided.
- Sweets must be restricted as per the case either minimal or zero quantity.
Foods allows liberally:
- Green leafy vegetables
- Clear soups, salty lemon water
II YOGIC MANAGEMENT
The yogic practices are found to be useful in the management of diabetes mellitus through various research studies. The aim of the yogic treatment in the management of diabetes is of two fold:
A. To stimulate the pancreatic cells to product adequate amount of insulin
- To reduce the insulin resistance
In general, the practices prescribed patient for the diabetic patient are as under:
Kriyas: kunjan, Vastradhoti, kapalabhati, Agniser and Nauli.
Suryanamaskara and selected practices of yogic sukshma vyayama
Asanas: Tadasana, katichakrasana, pavanamuktasana,survagasana, matsyasana,
Halasana, Ushtrasana,gomukhasana,Ardhamatsydrasana,mandukasana, suptavajrasana,
pachimottanasana, bhujangasana, shalabhasana, dhanurasana,mayurasana, shavasana.
Pranayamqa : Nadishuddi, suryabhedana,bhastrika and bhramari.
Bandhas : Uddiayana bandha
Meditation : Breath awareness, Om chanting and Om meditation.
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